Volume 88 - 2025 - Fasc.2 - Reviews
Esophageal Lichen Planus: a Narrative Review of the Literature
Background: Lichen planus is a mucocutaneous chronic
inflammatory disorder that can also affect the esophagus in a
minority of patients. Esophageal lichen planus (ELP) is likely
an underdiagnosed and underreported disease entity, although
it can lead to significant morbidity with esophageal stenosis or
malignant transformation.
Methods: A non-systematic search of Pubmed was performed
using search terms ‘esophageal lichen planus’ and variants
thereof combined with terms related to prevalence, diagnosis,
and management.
Results: The cutaneous and oral forms of lichen planus are
relatively common, but certain mucosal forms such as genital
lichen planus are rare and esophageal planus (also a mucosal
form) is very rare. ELP occurs predominantly in middle-aged
women. Current guidelines regarding lichen planus do not
mention a screening strategy for ELP. Diagnosis of ELP is based
on endoscopic and histopathological criteria. The foremost
complication of ELP is formation of esophageal strictures.
Malignant transformation of ELP to squamous cell carcinoma,
although rare, has also been reported. We summarize the
current evidence regarding optimal management of ELP.
Conclusion: Even if esophageal lichen planus is a rare cause
of esophageal strictures, it is important to raise awareness of
this condition among gastroenterologists and endoscopists. The
cornerstone of ELP treatment is an anti-inflammatory agent in
conjunction with endoscopic dilatation of strictures. Further
research is needed to devise an evidence-based treatment
algorithm that describes the optimal anti-inflammatory drug
in different stages/severities of ELP.
The Potential Benefits of Akkermansia muciniphila as a Next-Generation Probiotic in the Maintenance of Overall Liver Health
Background and study aim: The gut-liver axis and
gut microbiota, with a particular focus on Akkermansia
muciniphila, a next-generation probiotic, have been identified
as significant factors in preventing the development and
progression of liver diseases. This review aims to discuss the
potential therapeutic role of A. muciniphila in maintaining
liver health, focusing on the latest findings from preclinical
and clinical studies.
Methods: To achieve the review’s purpose, the most common
keywords were searched in three online databases (PubMed,
bioRxiv, and Google Scholar).
Results: The search approach identified 49 references.
Studies have shown that the gut microbiota, including A.
muciniphila, has the potential to be a therapeutic target for
many hepatic disorders. Several studies have demonstrated
A. muciniphila’s beneficial effects on improving metabolic
parameters, including insulin resistance, blood cholesterol
levels, and overall liver function.
Conclusions: Further research is necessary to determine
the optimal dosage, duration, and administration route of
A. muciniphila for managing hepatic disorders. While there
are promising findings, a more thorough understanding of
the underlying mechanisms and the development of effective
therapeutic strategies are necessary for successful treatment
of liver diseases.
Gliptin induced acute pancreatitis: a literature review
The association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)
inhibitors, known as gliptins, and acute pancreatitis raises
growing concern. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus
and Web of Science was conducted for studies published
between January 2005 and July 2024. Studies focusing on
gliptin-induced pancreatitis were selected based on predefined
criteria. While gliptins are effective in managing type 2 diabetes
mellitus, several case reports and observational studies suggest
a potential risk for inducing acute pancreatitis. Proposed
mechanisms include increased pancreatic activity and cellular
stress. Clinical presentation often includes abdominal pain and
elevated pancreatic enzymes, necessitating prompt diagnosis
and discontinuation of the offending agent. Early recognition
and management, including discontinuation of the drug and
supportive care, are crucial. Balancing benefits and risks of
gliptin therapy is essential for ensuring patient safety and
optimal outcomes. This review underscores the importance
of vigilance among healthcare providers and the need for
further research to develop safer therapeutic strategies.
