Viral hepatitis B, C and D

Recurrence of the original liver disease is a a major threat to long-term survival in liver transplant reci- pients (1). This is particularly true for viral hepatitis. Recurrence was first best described for hepatitis B, with more than 80% viral recurrence in the era prior to the introduction of immunoprophylaxis (2). Although hepatitis B recurrence has been effectively contained by the use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin with or without lamivudine, recurrent hepatitis C is becoming an increasingly challenging problem to the transplant com- munity (3).